Sequences in kotlin

Background

• There are many ways to handle a group of items.
• Collections and Sequences provide many utilities.
• Eagerly with the collections and Lazily with sequences.

Difference b/w Eagerly and Lazy -- Explained with example

• Depends on when the transformation is performed on the collection

Collection use Eagerly

• On each operation, A new collection is formed and modified based on the operator's nature.
• Operations on the collections are implemented using inline functions.
• Collection creates a new list for each operation.

Sequences use Lazily

• Sequence is created based on the iterator of the original collection.
• So we need to add asSequence()
• The operations are added to the list of operations to be performed but the operations are not performed immediately
• Instead, the Terminal operator is applied first if it contains it, and thus map is not applied if it contains it.
• Also new copy is not created on each operator invocation.
• Each operation is not an inline function.
• Sequence creates a new object for every operation

More differences

Feature	Collection in Kotlin	Sequence in Kotlin
Mutability	Collections can be mutable (MutableList, MutableSet, etc.)	Sequences are immutable
Evaluation	Evaluated eagerly	Evaluated lazily
Use Case	Suitable for general-purpose data manipulation and storage	Suitable for processing large datasets or infinite streams
Functions	Supports various functions like map, filter, reduce	Supports similar functions, but they are lazily evaluated
Processing	May process the entire collection even if not needed	Processes elements only as needed
Performance	Generally faster for small collections	Generally more efficient for large datasets
API	Rich set of APIs for common operations	Limited set of APIs due to lazy evaluation
Examples	kotlin val list = mutableListOf(1, 2, 3)	kotlin val sequence = sequenceOf(1, 2, 3)

Performance comparison on collection and sequence

• Whether you use collection or sequence, The order of operators matters.
• When used with small data collections or sequences does not matter.
• When used with large data, The sequence is the better choice.

Example Demo

data class Shape(val name:String , var color: String)

val listOfShapes = listOf(
    Shape(name = "Circle", color = "Green"),
    Shape(name = "Rectangle", color = "Purple"),
    Shape(name = "Triangle", color = "Red"),
    Shape(name = "Triangle", color = "Yellow")
)

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

    val shapesWithYellowColor = listOfShapes
        // Convert the color to yellow
        .map {
            it.copy(color = "Yellow")
        }
        // Pick the first rectangle
        .first{
            it.name == "Rectangle"
        }


    val shapesWithRedColor = listOfShapes.asSequence()
        // Convert the color to yellow
        .map {
            it.copy(color = "Red")
        }
        // Pick the first rectangle
        .first{
            it.name == "Triangle"
        }

}