Features

Language

Perhaps Goby should be far easier for Rubyists to comprehend. You can use Ruby's syntax highlighting for Goby as well😀

• Everything is object
• Object and Class
  • Top level main object
  • Constructor by .initialize
  • Class/instance method
  • Class
    • Can be inherited with <
    • Singleton class
    • Class.ancestors #» [Class, Module, Object]
      • Class.new is possible
    • #send
  • self
• Module for supporting mixin
  • #include for instance methods
  • #extend for class methods
  • Module.new is possible
    • but cannot perform #new on modules' instances
    • Module.ancestors #» [Module, Object]
  • Modules cannot inherit classes/modules
  • Modules cannot be inherited by classes
• Namespace
  • :: for delimiting namespaces for class/module/constants
• Variable: starts with lowercase letter like var
  • Local variable like mail, tel
  • Instance variable like @mail, @tel
  • Class variables: unsupported
• Constant
  • Starts with uppercase like Var or VAR
  • Global if defined on top-level
  • not reentrant by assignment, but still permits redefining class/module
  • special variables with $ are unsupported
• Methods
  • Definition: order of parameters are strictly determined:
    1. normal params (ex: a, b) -- default value with = is optional
    2. opt params (ex: ary=[], hs={}) -- [] or {} cannot be omitted on the callers' args
    3. keyword params (ex: mail: tel:) -- default value = is optional
    4. splat params (ex: *sp) for compatibility with Go functions
  • Evaluation with/without arguments
  • Evaluation with a block (closure)
  • Defining singleton methods
  • attr_accessor, attr_reader, attr_writer
• Block
  • do - end
• Flow control
  • if, else, elsif
  • while
  • raise
• Literals
  • Numeric literal
    • Integer: 100, -299, -0
    • Float: 3.14, -273.15
  • String literal: "candy", 'cake', :taffy
  • Symbol literal: :email
    • Symbol literal is String class and just a convenient representation for Rubyists.
      • So you can even do like: a = :bar.replace("a", "z"); puts a #=> bzr
  • Array literal: [1, "2", '3', :att]
  • Hash literal: { "email": 'goby@goby-lang.com', tel: '9909-999-999'}
• IO
  • #puts
  • ARGV, STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, ENV constants
• Import files
  • require (Just for standard libraries by now)
  • require_relative
• Thread (not a class!)
  • Goroutine-based thread method to create a new thread
  • Works with Channel class for passing objects between threads, like chan in Go
  • See this sample: One thousand threads
• Very few keywords
  • def, true, false, nil, if, elsif, else, case, when, return, self, end, while, do, yield, next, class, module, break, get_block
  • Most are implemented as methods, including thread or raise

Native classes

Written in Go.

• Class
• Integer
• String
  • Symbols like :a or hash keys {a: 1} are just another notation of String
• Boolean
• Null (nil)
• Hash
• Array
• Range
• URI
• Channel
• File
• GoObject (provides #go_func that wraps pure Go objects or pointers for interaction)
• Regexp
• MatchData (to hold the result of regexp matching)
• Float
• Decimal
  • Represented as a fraction internally
  • Number of digits has virtually no limit
  • You can get Decimal object as for now: a = "-99.99999999".to_d
• Block
  • This can perform .new taking a block to generate a block object (similar to Ruby's proc object)
  • The block object can perform #call to execute the block

Standard libraries

written in Go and Goby.

• Concurrent::Array
• Concurrent::Hash
• DB (only for PostgreSQL by now)
• Plugin
• JSON
• Net::HTTP
• Net::HTTP::Client
• Net::HTTP::Request
• Net::HTTP::Response
• Net::SimpleServer (try sample Goby app and source, or sample code!)