feat(sdk): accept newer typing-extensions versions

[connor-mccarthy]

Description of your changes:
Mirrors changes from #7632 in v1.x. Needed to unblock TFX (reference:
#7632 (comment)).

Checklist:

• The title for your pull request (PR) should follow our title convention. Learn more
  about the pull request title convention used in this repository.

[google-oss-prow]

Skipping CI for Draft Pull Request.
If you want CI signal for your change, please convert it to an actual PR.
You can still manually trigger a test run with /test all

[google-oss-prow]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

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[connor-mccarthy]

/retest

[google-oss-prow]

@connor-mccarthy: The following test failed, say /retest to rerun all failed tests or /retest-required to rerun all mandatory failed tests:

Test name	Commit	Details	Required	Rerun command
kubeflow-pipelines-samples-v2	656dbf5	link	true	/test kubeflow-pipelines-samples-v2

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[connor-mccarthy]

Note: kubeflow-pipelines-samples-v2 test failure is not due to misconfigured prow tests. Fix PR: GoogleCloudPlatform/oss-test-infra#1631