test: clearing require cache crashes esm loader

This test shows the regression introduced in v11.4.0: clearing out the
require.cache crashes node when using the `--experimental-modules` flag.
Refs: #25482

Backport-PR-URL: #27874
PR-URL: #25491
Reviewed-By: Guy Bedford <guybedford@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>

test/es-module/test-esm-loader-cache-clearing.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Flags: --experimental-modules
+'use strict';
+require('../common');
+
+const { cache } = require;
+
+Object.keys(cache).forEach((key) => {
+  delete cache[key];
+});
+// Require the same module again triggers the crash
+require('../common');