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[Feature Request]: Replace type-ambiguous (and now deprecated) Bundle calls #5405

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BenHenning opened this issue May 22, 2024 · 13 comments · May be fixed by #5611
Open
5 tasks

[Feature Request]: Replace type-ambiguous (and now deprecated) Bundle calls #5405

BenHenning opened this issue May 22, 2024 · 13 comments · May be fixed by #5611
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enhancement End user-perceivable enhancements. good first issue This item is good for new contributors to make their pull request. Impact: Low Low perceived user impact (e.g. edge cases). Work: Low Solution is clear and broken into good-first-issue-sized chunks.

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@BenHenning
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BenHenning commented May 22, 2024

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

API 33 (introduced in #5222) deprecated Bundle's generic methods:

#5402 helped reveal which places need updating:

  • app/src/main/java/org/oppia/android/app/options/OptionsActivity.kt
  • app/src/main/java/org/oppia/android/app/testing/TestFontScaleConfigurationUtilActivity.kt
  • app/src/main/java/org/oppia/android/app/topic/practice/TopicPracticeFragment.kt
  • utility/src/main/java/org/oppia/android/util/extensions/BundleExtensions.kt
  • utility/src/test/java/org/oppia/android/util/extensions/BundleExtensionsTest.kt

Describe the solution you'd like

Calls need to be replaced with either type-specific or BundleCompat calls, specifically:

Describe alternatives you've considered

None--BundleCompat must be used for cases when we do not know the type since the app has a minimum supported SDK of 21.

Additional context

The app generally uses Bundles in one of two cases:

  • Navigating to fragments & activities.
  • Performing configuration changes (such as a device rotation).

All changes to fragments and activities need to be tested by:

  • Ensuring they functionally work when being navigated to.
  • Ensuring they functionally work after rotations to portrait and landscape (both orientations should be tested, and functionality should be tested both before and after the orientation change).

Some special notes:

  • The first work on this issue will require updating AndroidX core to a newer version.
  • The changes in utility/src/test/java/org/oppia/android/util/extensions/BundleExtensionsTest.kt require updating Robolectric (which probably will need to happen out-of-band as it's complicated) in order to configure that test to run on SDK 33. Also, the idea here is to use a type check to verify the exact type (for a stronger assertion), e.g.:
    assertThat(intent.getSerializableExtra("first_extra")).isNotInstanceOf(String::class.java)
  • The changes in utility/src/main/java/org/oppia/android/util/extensions/BundleExtensions.kt require replacing the getTypedSerializable helper method entirely as it's essentially reimplementing the method from BundleCompat.
  • Some of the type changes aren't trivial replacements as the semantics between casting a get() and using a type-specific method like getString are different: the former would throw an exception (if not using as?) and the latter would become null. This needs to be considered while performing the migration work.
@BenHenning BenHenning added enhancement End user-perceivable enhancements. triage needed labels May 22, 2024
BenHenning added a commit that referenced this issue Jun 3, 2024
…5402)

## Explanation
Fixes part of #4120
Fixes part of #1051

Similar to #5400, this brings forward changes that would otherwise go in
#4937 to simplify the transition to Kotlin 1.6.

Part of #4937 is introducing warnings-as-errors for both Kotlin and Java
in order to reduce developer error, simplify the codebase, and minimize
warnings when building (which can result in developer habits of ignoring
warnings that might have real consequences to end users of the app). In
order to keep the main migration PR smaller, this PR fixes all existing
warnings and any new ones detected with the Kotlin 1.6 compiler that are
not tied to Kotlin 1.5/1.6 API changes (those are part of #4937,
instead). Fortunately, most of the changes could be brought forward into
this PR.

Specific things to note:
- A few new issues were filed for SDK 33 deprecations caused, but not
noted by, #5222): #5404, #5405, and #5406 and corresponding TODOs added.
This PR opts for TODOs over actual fixes to minimize the amount of
manual verification needed, and to try and keep the PR more focused on
non-functional refactor changes (to reduce the risk as reverting this PR
may be difficult if an issue is introduced).
- A lot of the fixes were removing redundant casts or null checks.
- The old mechanism we used for view models is deprecated, and had a lot
of problems (partially documented in #1051). This PR moves the codebase
over to directly injecting view models instead of using the view model
provider (thus getting rid of true Jetpack view models entirely in the
codebase).
- We never used the Jetpack functionality, and we were leaking a lot of
context objects that could theoretically result in memory leaks.
- The migration of view models in this way has already been ongoing in
the codebase; this PR just finishes moving the rest of them over to
remove the deprecated JetPack view model reference.
- Note that this doesn't actually change the scope of the view models,
and in fact they should largely behave as they always have.
- ``ObservableViewModel`` was subsequently updated, and may be something
we could remove in the future now that it's no longer a Jetpack view
model.
- The old view model binding code was removed, along with its test file
exemptions. It's no longer used now that the view models have been
finished being migrated over to direct injection.
- Some of the binding adapters didn't correctly correspond to their
namespaced properties. I _think_ that the databinding compiler was still
hooking them up correctly, but they produced build warnings that have
now been addressed (specifically, 'app' is implied). Some other
properties were using unusual namespaces, so these were replaced with
'app' versions for consistency & correctness.
- Some cases where SAM interfaces could be converted to lambdas were
also addressed (mainly for ``Observer`` callbacks in UI code).
- ``DrawerLayout.setDrawerListener`` was replaced with calls to
``DrawerLayout.addDrawerListener`` since the former [is
deprecated](https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/drawerlayout/widget/DrawerLayout#setDrawerListener(androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout.DrawerListener)).
This isn't expected to have a functional difference.
- Some other minor control flow warnings were addressed (such as dead
code paths).
- ``when`` cases were updated to be comprehensive (as this is enforced
starting in newer versions of Kotlin even for non-result based ``when``
statements).
- Some unused variables were removed and/or replaced with ``_`` per
Kotlin convention.
- Some parameter names needed to be updated to match their override
signatures.
- One change in ``ExitSurveyConfirmationDialogFragment`` involved
removing parsing a profile ID. Technically this is a semantic change
since now a crash isn't going to happen if the profile ID is missing or
incorrect, but that seems fine since the fragment doesn't even need a
profile ID to be passed.
- Some of the test activities were updated to bind a ``Runnable``
callback rather than binding to a method (just to avoid passing the
unused ``View`` parameter and to keep things a bit simple binding-wise).
- Some cases were fixed where variables were being shadowed due to
reused names in deeper scopes.
- There were some typing issues going on in tests with custom test
application components. This has been fixed by explicitly declaring the
application component types rather than them being implicit within the
generated Dagger code.
- ``getDrawable`` calls were updated to pass in a ``Theme`` since the
non-theme version is deprecated.
- Some Java property references were updated, too (i.e. using property
syntax instead of Java getters when referencing Java code in Kotlin).
- In some cases, deprecated APIs were suppressed since they're needed
for testing purposes.
- Mockito's ``verifyZeroInteractions`` has been deprecated in favor of
``verifyNoMoreInteractions``, so updates were made in tests accordingly.
- ``ExperimentalCoroutinesApi`` and ``InternalCoroutinesApi`` have been
deprecated in favor of a newer ``OptIn`` method (which can actually be
done via kotlinc arguments, but not in this PR). Thus, they've been
outright removed in cases where not needed, and otherwise migrated to
the ``OptIn`` approach where they do need to be declared.
- In some cases, Kotlin recommends using a ``toSet()`` conversion for
iterable operations when it's more performant, so some of those cases
(where noticed) have been addressed.
- Some unused parameter cases needed to be suppressed for situations
when Robolectric is using reflection to access them.
- In some cases Android Studio would recommend transformation chain
simplifications; these were adopted where obvious.
- There are a few new TODOs added on #3616 as well, to clean up
deprecated references that have been suppressed in this PR.
- ``BundleExtensions`` was updated to implement its own version of the
type-based ``getSerializable`` until such time as ``BundleCompat`` can
be used, instead (per #5405).
- A **lot** of nullability improvements needed to happen throughout the
JSON asset loading process since there was a lot of loose typing
happening there.
- Some Kotlin & OkHttp deprecated API references were also updated to
use their non-deprecated replacements.
- ``NetworkLoggingInterceptorTest`` was majorly reworked to ensure that
the assertions would actually run (``runBlockingTest`` was being used
which is deprecated, and something I try to avoid since it's very
difficult to write tests that use it correctly). My investigations
showed that the assertions weren't being called, so these tests would
never fail. The new versions will always run the assertions or fail
before reaching them, and fortunately the code under test passes the
assertions correctly. Ditto for ``ConsoleLoggerTest``.
- Some parts of ``SurveyProgressController`` were reworked to have
better typing management and to reduce the need for nullability
management.
- Some generic typing trickiness needed to be fixed ahead of the Kotlin
version upgrade in ``UrlImageParser``. See file comments & links in
those comments for more context.
- ``BundleExtensionsTest`` had to be changed since
``getSerializableExtra`` is now deprecated. We also can't update the
test to run SDK 33 since that requires upgrading Robolectric, and
Robolectric can't be upgraded without upgrading other dependencies that
eventually lead to needing to upgrade both Kotlin and Bazel (so it's a
non-starter; this is a workaround until we can actually move to a newer
version of Robolectric).
- There was some minor code-deduplication & cleanup done in
``ClickableAreasImage``.
- Some incorrect comments were removed in tests (to the effect of "using
not-allowed-listed variables should result in a failure."). These seemed
to have been copied from an earlier test, but the later tests weren't
actually verifying that behavior so the comment wasn't correct.
- An unused method was removed from ``ConceptCardRetriever``
(``createWrittenTranslationFromJson``) and some other small
cleanup/consolidation work happened in that class.
- Some stylistic changes were done in ``TopicController`` for JSON
loading to better manage nullable situations, and to try and make the
JSON loading code slightly more Kotlin idiomatic.

Note that overall the PR has relied **heavily** on tooling to detect
warnings to fix, and automated tests to verify that the changes have no
side effects.

Note also that this PR does not actually enable warnings-as-errors; that
will happen in a downstream PR.

## Essential Checklist
- [x] The PR title and explanation each start with "Fix #bugnum: " (If
this PR fixes part of an issue, prefix the title with "Fix part of
#bugnum: ...".)
- [x] Any changes to
[scripts/assets](https://github.com/oppia/oppia-android/tree/develop/scripts/assets)
files have their rationale included in the PR explanation.
- [x] The PR follows the [style
guide](https://github.com/oppia/oppia-android/wiki/Coding-style-guide).
- [x] The PR does not contain any unnecessary code changes from Android
Studio
([reference](https://github.com/oppia/oppia-android/wiki/Guidance-on-submitting-a-PR#undo-unnecessary-changes)).
- [x] The PR is made from a branch that's **not** called "develop" and
is up-to-date with "develop".
- [x] The PR is **assigned** to the appropriate reviewers
([reference](https://github.com/oppia/oppia-android/wiki/Guidance-on-submitting-a-PR#clarification-regarding-assignees-and-reviewers-section)).

## For UI-specific PRs only
N/A -- While this changes UI code, it should change very few UI
behaviors and only failure cases for those it does affect. It's largely
infrastructural-only and falls mainly under refactoring/cleanup work.

---------

Co-authored-by: Adhiambo Peres <59600948+adhiamboperes@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sean Lip <sean@seanlip.org>
@adhiamboperes adhiamboperes added good first issue This item is good for new contributors to make their pull request. Impact: Low Low perceived user impact (e.g. edge cases). Work: Low Solution is clear and broken into good-first-issue-sized chunks. labels Jun 11, 2024
@uphargaur
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@adhiamboperes can i work on this issue

@adhiamboperes
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@uphargaur, Sure.

@adhiamboperes
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@uphargaur, are you still working on this?

@uphargaur
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Yes I am working on it, sorry for delay got my exams this week.

@uphargaur
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@adhiamboperes I tried working on it, but I’m finding it difficult to locate the data class.

For example, in the image below, I'm unable to identify which class to use for reference. Could you help me find that, or should I create a data class depending on the use case?

image

@adhiamboperes
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@uphargaur, I do not understand the question. What is data class in reference to?

@TanishMoral11
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Hey @adhiamboperes , can i work on this issue

@TanishMoral11
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Hello @adhiamboperes ,

I would like to work on this issue #5405. I have reviewed the requirements and would like to share my implementation approach:

Implementation Plan

  1. Infrastructure Updates

    • First, I will update AndroidX Core to version 1.15.0 ( Currently Used Version ) to access the new BundleCompat functionality
    • This will serve as the foundation for implementing the type-safe methods
  2. Core Changes

    • Replace deprecated getSerializable() calls with BundleCompat.getSerializable()
    • Update generic get() calls with type-specific methods (e.g., getString(), getInt())
    • Modify BundleExtensions.kt to remove getTypedSerializable helper method and implement BundleCompat alternatives
  3. Type Safety & Null Handling

    • Add appropriate null safety checks where type-specific methods are introduced
    • Handle the behavioral change from exception-throwing to null returns

Note on Robolectric Tests

I understand that updating BundleExtensionsTest.kt requires Robolectric updates, which should be handled separately. I will focus on the main implementation first.

Questions

  1. Should I create separate PRs for the AndroidX Core update and the main implementation?
  2. Are there any specific components that should be prioritized in this update?

I would appreciate any feedback or additional guidance on this approach.

Thanks !!

@adhiamboperes
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Thanks for the detailed description @TanishMoral11!

  1. The issue description mentions the list of the files requiring changes, and since it’s a short list, I believe it’s okay to fix the full issue in one PR.
  2. The list in the description should be adhered to.

Please let me know if you need further clarification.

TanishMoral11 added a commit to TanishMoral11/oppia-android that referenced this issue Dec 20, 2024
@TanishMoral11 TanishMoral11 linked a pull request Dec 20, 2024 that will close this issue
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@swarnalicoder
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Hello,
I’m a beginner in Android development and would love to contribute to this issue. I’ve been learning about Bundles and AndroidX, and I’m excited to help with replacing deprecated getSerializable() calls. Any guidance or resources to help me get started would be appreciated!
Looking forward to contributing!

@TanishMoral11
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TanishMoral11 commented Dec 24, 2024

Hey @swarnalicoder ,

Welcome to the Oppia Community!

As a new member, please ensure that you have signed the Contributor License Agreement (CLA) to get started.

Currently, I am working on an issue, but I encourage you to explore and pick any issue labeled as "Good First Issue." This is a great opportunity for you to contribute and familiarize yourself with our project.

You can find these issues here.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out.
Happy coding!

@swarnalicoder
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Hi @TanishMoral11,

Thank you for the warm welcome! I'm excited to contribute to the Oppia community.

Could you please provide the link or guidance to sign the Contributor License Agreement (CLA)? I'd like to get started right away.

Thanks for your help!

@TanishMoral11
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Please check out the contributor's wiki to get started.
Also This Is Not Right Place For This .
So You Can Ask Your Any Doubts In Github Discussion .

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enhancement End user-perceivable enhancements. good first issue This item is good for new contributors to make their pull request. Impact: Low Low perceived user impact (e.g. edge cases). Work: Low Solution is clear and broken into good-first-issue-sized chunks.
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