feat!: Update some error types to more appropriate variants

[stinodego]

Closes #16440

Changes

• Data type-related failures should raise a SchemaError. We often use a ComputeError instead, which is not as informative.

Other PRs that update one or more error types:

• feat!: Change casting failures from ComputeError to InvalidOperationError #16895, feat!: Restrict casting for temporal data types #14142
• feat!: Dedicated SQLInterface and SQLSyntax errors #16635
• feat(python)!: Rename ModuleUpgradeRequired and PolarsPanicError error, remove InvalidAssert error #17033

Example

Before

>>> from datetime import datetime, time
>>> s1 = pl.Series([datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)])
>>> s2 = pl.Series([time(0, 0, 2)])
>>> s1 + s2
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
polars.exceptions.ComputeError: failed to determine supertype of datetime[μs] and time

After

>>> s1 + s2
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
polars.exceptions.SchemaError: failed to determine supertype of datetime[μs] and time

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 20.00000% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.44%. Comparing base (a3f4ad9) to head (47c8d92).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
crates/polars-core/src/series/any_value.rs	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #15030      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   81.43%   81.44%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1413     1413              
  Lines      186183   186183              
  Branches     2776     2776              
==========================================
+ Hits       151615   151644      +29     
+ Misses      34048    34019      -29     
  Partials      520      520              

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[ritchie46]

Is this one still planned @stinodego ?

[stinodego]

Is this one still planned @stinodego ?

Yes. I was planning to expand this PR a bit with some more error type fixes though. But it can also be merged like this and I'll pick up other error improvements separately.

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #15030 will improve performances by 16.74%

_{Comparing supertype-schema-error (47c8d92) with main (a3f4ad9)}

Summary

⚡ 1 improvements
✅ 36 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	main	supertype-schema-error	Change
⚡	test_tpch_q22	7.5 ms	6.4 ms	+16.74%

[stinodego]

Going to go ahead with this one. If I run into other incorrect error types, I'll open a new PR.