[feature] Create a docker-based builder binary that executes a builder image to produce a binary

[asraa]

This is a tracking issue for the builder binary that is responsible for executing a docker-based-build SLSA buildDefinition and create and measure the output artifact.

Describe the solution you'd like
The builder binary would take as input:

• The SLSA predicate input: this contains the source, builder base image, and command/output/environment variable. This contains all the needed information to (re)build the artifact

And output:

• The output binary

Other:

• Note that the builder binary is part of the predicate itself. This is self-invoking. The outer layer should likely add this into the provenance artifacts, potentially in the runDetails: the type of this builder shouldn't affect the rebuild.

Additional context
#23
https://github.com/MarkLodato/slsa/blob/cec378584e1b24c84fd0a60a0ae5f269e045f4c3/docs/provenance/examples.md

cc @rbehjati

[github-actions]

This issue was reopened by the todo-issue-reopener action in the "TODO Issue Reopener" GitHub Actions workflow because there are TODOs referencing this issue:

1. internal/builders/docker/pkg/common.go:26: Update to the final BuildType URI.
2. internal/builders/docker/pkg/config.go:35: Add env and options if needed.