v1.17: ci: split cargo-clippy into stable and nightly (backport of #34566)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #34566 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of 5247be1 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/v1.17/pr-34566
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/v1.17'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 5247be17a9.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   .github/workflows/cargo.yml
	new file:   scripts/cargo-clippy-nightly.sh
	new file:   scripts/cargo-clippy-stable.sh

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   .mergify.yml
	both modified:   scripts/cargo-clippy.sh

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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