feat: add TinyInt (i8) data type support

[onyedikachi-david]

Fixes: #154
/claim #154

Rationale for this change

Added support for the TinyInt (i8) data type to expand our integer type support.

What changes are included in this PR?

This PR includes the following changes:

1. Addition of a TinyInt variant to various Column enum types throughout the codebase.
2. Implementation of TinyInt handling alongside existing integer types (SmallInt, Int, BigInt) in all relevant parts of the system.
3. Addition of comprehensive unit tests to cover the new TinyInt operations and ensure they work correctly with existing functionality.

Specific files modified include:

• Multiple files in crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/commitment/
• Multiple files in crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/database/
• Files in crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/polynomial/ and crates/proof-of-sql/src/base/scalar/
• Several files in crates/proof-of-sql/src/proof_primitive/dory/
• Multiple files in crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof/ and crates/proof-of-sql/src/sql/proof_exprs/

Are these changes tested?

Yes, these changes are thoroughly tested. We have added comprehensive unit tests to cover the new TinyInt functionality. These tests include:

1. Basic operations with TinyInt columns (creation, reading, writing)
2. Arithmetic operations involving TinyInt columns
3. Conversion between TinyInt and other data types
4. Edge cases such as overflow and underflow scenarios
5. Integration tests to ensure TinyInt works correctly with existing query processing and proof generation systems

These tests serve both to prevent accidental breakage by future changes and to document the expected behavior of the new TinyInt functionality.

[Dustin-Ray]

@onyedikachi-david please check that the CI passes locally

[Dustin-Ray]

@JayWhite2357 this should probably be closed since the feature has been merged in #190