Entire course and video content updated June 15, 2024

This repository houses course resources and discussions for the course.

Please refer to this for an in-depth explanation of the content:

• Website - Join Cyfrin Updraft and enjoy 50+ hours of smart contract development courses
• Twitter - Stay updated with the latest course releases
• LinkedIn - Add Updraft to your learning experiences
• Discord - Join a community of 3000+ developers and auditors
• Newsletter - Weekly security research tips and resources to level up your career
• Codehawks - Smart contracts auditing competitions to help secure web3

Cyfrin Updraft Courses:

• Cyfrin Updraft - Blockchain basics
• Cyfrin Updraft - Solidity basics
• Cyfrin Updraft - Foundry Fundamentals
• Cyfrin Updraft - Advanced Foundry

YouTube Link

All the sections on this repo are for several courses on the Solidity Developer Career path of Cyfrin Updraft.

Disclosures

Thank you

• Recommended Testnet: Sepolia
• Recommended DevOps: foundry-devops

If you receive a flag pop-up requiring you to have 0.001 ETH on mainnet, you may be able to wait 10 to 20 minutes and try again to avoid adding the 0.001 ETH on the mainnet.

• Main (Sepolia): Sepolia GCP Faucet
• Alchemy Faucet (Sepolia): https://sepoliafaucet.com/
• Infura Faucet (Sepolia): https://www.infura.io/faucet/sepolia
• Chainlink Faucet (Sepolia): https://faucets.chain.link/sepolia
  • No need for 0.001 ETH on mainnet
• ZKsync Faucets (ZKsync Sepolia): https://docs.zksync.io/build/tooling/network-faucets.html
• ZKsync Bridge: https://portal.zksync.io/bridge/

⚠️ All code associated with this course is for demo purposes only. They have not been audited and should not be considered production ready. Please use at your own risk.

• Chainlist: https://chainlist.org/

• AI Frens
  • ChatGPT
    • Just know that it will often get things wrong, but it's very fast!
  • Phind
    • Like ChatGPT, but it searches the web
  • Bard
  • Other AI extensions
• Github Discussions
  • Ask questions and chat about the course here!
• Stack Exchange Ethereum
  • Great place for asking technical questions about Ethereum
• Peeranha
  • Decentralized Stack Exchange!
• Cookbook
  • A smart contract registry and co-pilot

These are 100% optional to do.

• Sepolia
• ZKsync Sepolia
• ZKsync

After every section, in this GitHub repo will be a link to a contract on Sepolia or ZKsync. They contain a challenge for you to solve, and in return, you'll be given an AWESOME NFT.

IF YOU DECIDE TO MINT THE REAL NFT:

1. We didn't audit the NFT, so if you want to make sure you'll be safe, interact with the contract using a burner wallet (a wallet with very little money that you don't use for anything else)
   1. In fact... Get good at interacting with wallets from a burner wallet
2. Read my Tweet thread on basic wallet safety
3. It might be a good idea to wait till later in the course when we teach you about verifying metamask transactions.
4. Feel free to mint NFTs on sepolia without worrying about the above

1. The process for bridging looks like the following:
   1. Buy ETH (On an exchange like Coinbase or Kraken)
2. Send ETH -> one of your wallets like:
   1. Metamask
   2. Frame
   3. Rainbow
   4. Argent
   5. Coinbase Wallet
3. Use the ZKsync Bridge

• Follow the repository: While going through the course be 100% certain to follow along with the github repository. If you run into an issue check the chronological-updates in the repo.
• Be Active in the community: Ask questions and engage with other developers going through the course in the discussions tab, be sure to go and say hello or gm! This space is different from the other industries, you don't have to be secretive; communicate, network and learn with others :)
• Learn at your own pace: It doesn't matter if it takes you a day, a week, a month or even a year. Progress >>> Perfection
• Take Breaks: You will exhaust your mind and recall less if you go all out and watch the entire course in one sitting. Suggested Strategy every 25 minutes take a 5 min break, and every 2 hours take a longer 30 min break
• Refer to Documentation: Things are constantly being updated, so whenever Patrick opens up some documentation, open it on your end and maybe even have the code sample next to you.
• Use ChatGPT and/or the course chat

(back to top) ⬆️

⭐️ Blockchain Basics Course

⌨️ What is a Blockchain?

• Bitcoin Whitepaper
  • Satoshi Nakamoto
• Ethereum Whitepaper
  • Vitalik Buterin
• What is a Smart Contract?
• Nick Szabo
• Hybrid Smart Contracts
• Blockchain Oracles
• Terminology
• Web3
• What is a blockchain

⌨️ The Purpose Of Smart Contracts

• 🎥 Original Video
• 🦬 My ETH Denver Talk
• 🍔 McDonalds Scandal
• ⛓ More on the evolution of agreements
• ✍️ What is a Smart Contract?
• 🧱 How does a blockchain work?
• 🔮 Chainlink & Oracles

⌨️ Other Blockchain Benefits

• Decentralized
• Transparency & Flexibility
• Speed & Efficiency
• Security & Immutability
• Counterparty Risk Removal
• Trust Minimized Agreements

• DeFi
  • Defi Llama
  • Why DeFi is Important
• DAOs
• NFTs

⌨️ Making Your First Transaction

• Metamask Download Link
  • What is a Private Key?
  • What is a Secret Phrase?
• Etherscan
• Sepolia Etherscan
• Sepolia Faucet (Check the link token contracts page)
  • NOTE: The Chainlink documentation always has the most up to date faucets on their link token contracts page. If the faucet above is broken, check the chainlink documentation for the most up to date faucet.
• OR, use the Sepolia ETH Faucet, just be sure to swap your metamask to Sepolia!

⌨️ Gas I: Introduction to Gas

• Gas and Gas Fees
• Wei, Gwei, and Ether Converter
• ETH Gas Station

⌨️ How Do Blockchains Work?

• What is a hash?
• Blockchain Demo
• Summary

⌨️ Signing Transactions

• Public / Private Keys
• Layer 2 and Rollups
• Decentralized Blockchain Oracles

⌨️ Gas II: Block Rewards & EIP 1559

• Block Rewards
• Advanced Gas
  • EIP 1559
  • GWEI, WEI, and ETH
    • ETH Converter

• Run Your Own Ethereum Node

⌨️ High-Level Blockchain Fundamentals

• Consensus
• Proof of Stake
• Proof of Work
• Nakamoto Consensus
• The merge

• Replay attacks
• Sybil attacks
• Double-spending
• Zero-knowledge proofs

• L2 Beat

• ZKsync bridge

• ZKsync

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

⭐️ Learn Solidity & Smart Contract Development

💻 Code: https://github.com/cyfrin/remix-simple-storage-cu

⭐️ Welcome to Remix - Simple Storage

• Remix
• Solidity Documentation

⌨️ Setting Up Your First Contract

• Versioning
• Take notes in your code!
• What is a software license
• SPDX License
• Compiling
• Contract Declaration

⌨️ Basic Solidity Types

• Types & Declaring Variables
  • uint256, int256, bool, string, address, bytes32
  • Solidity Types
  • Bits and Bytes
• Default Initializations
• Comments

⌨️ Basic Solidity Functions

• Functions
• Deploying a Contract
  • Smart Contracts have addresses just like our wallets
• Calling a public state-changing Function
• Visibility
• Gas III | An example
• Scope
• View & Pure Functions

⌨️ Basic Solidity Arrays & Structs

• Structs
• Intro to Storage
• Arrays
• Dynamic & Fixed Sized
• push array function

⌨️ Basic Solidity Errors & Warnings

• Yellow: Warnings are Ok
• Red: Errors are not Ok

⌨️ Basic Solidity Memory, Storage, & Calldata (Intro)

• 6 Places you can store and access data
  • calldata
  • memory
  • storage
  • code
  • logs
  • stack

⌨️ Basic Solidity Mappings

• Mappings

⌨️ Deploying your First Contract

• A testnet or mainnet
• Connecting Metamask
• Find faucets here!
• See the faucets at the top of this readme!
• Interacting with Deployed Contracts

⌨️ Deploying to ZKsync

• ZKsync compiler edition: 0.8.24

⌨️ The EVM & A Recap of Section 2

• The EVM

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

💻 Code: https://github.com/cyfrin/remix-storage-factory-cu

⭐️ Section 2 | Storage Factory

• Factory Pattern

⌨️ Importing Contracts into other Contracts

• Composibility
• Solidity new keyword
• Importing Code in solidity

⌨️ Interacting with other contracts

• To interact, you always need: ABI + Address
• ABI

⌨️ Inheritance & Overrides

• Inheritance
• Override & Virtual Keyword

⌨️ Section 2 Recap

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/remix-fund-me-cu

⭐️ Section 3 | Fund Me

⌨️ Setup

⌨️ Sending ETH through a function

• Ethereum Unit Converter
• Fields in a Transaction
• More on v,r,s
• payable
• msg.value & Other global keywords
• require
• revert

⌨️ Reverts

⌨️ Getting real world price data (Chainlink)

• What is a blockchain oracle?
• What is the oracle problem?
• Chainlink
• Chainlink Price Feeds (Data Feeds)
  • data.chain.link
• Chainlink VRF
• Chainlink Keepers
• Chainlink API Calls
• Importing Tokens into your Metamask
• Request and Receive Chainlink Model

⌨️ Quick recap I

⌨️ Interfaces

• For reference - ChainLink Interface's Repo

⌨️ AI Help III

⌨️ Importing from NPM / GitHub

• Chainlink NPM Package

⌨️ Getting Prices from Chainlink

⌨️ More Solidity math

• Multiply before you divide
• tuple
• Floating Point Numbers in Solidity
• Type Casting
• Gas Estimation Failed
  • Someone should make an article explaining this error

⌨️ msg.sender

• msg.sender
• named mappings

⌨️ Quick recap II

⌨️ Library

• Library
• Solidity-by-example Library

⌨️ SafeMath

• unchecked vs. checked

⌨️ For Loop

• For Loop
• /* */ is another way to make comments

⌨️ (Resetting an array

⌨️ Transfer, Send, and Call

• Transfer, Send, Call
• this keyword

⌨️ Constructor

• Constructor

⌨️ Modifiers

• Double equals
• Modifier

⌨️ Tesnet Demo

• Disconnecting Metamask

⌨️ Immutable & Constant

• Immutable
• Constant
• Current ETH Gas Prices
• Don't stress about gas optimizations! (yet)
• Naming Conventions
  • Someone make this!

⌨️ Custom Errors

• Custom Errors Introduction

⌨️ Receive & Fallback Functions

• Solidity Docs Special Functions
• Fallback
• Receive

⌨️ Section 3 Recap

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

DO NOT SKIP THIS!!

⭐️ Section 4 | AI Prompting

• Deep Learning for Python Engineers

• Original Video

⌨️ Setting up GitHub

⌨️ Formatting a question

• markdown

• It's a good idea to ask your AI buddy to format your questions in markdown *

⌨️ SpeedRunEthereum

• Special Guest Austin

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-simple-storage-cu

⭐️ Foundry Simple Storage Introduction

⌨️ Installation & Setup (MacOS & Linux)

• Visual Studio Code
  • Crash Course
• VSCode Keybindings
• Git
• What is a terminal?

⌨️ (Windows Setup (WSL)

• Special Guest Vasiliy
• WSL
  • When working in WSL, use Linux commands instead of Windows commands
• TroubleShooting
• curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash

⚠️ Please use Gitpod as an absolute last resort

⌨️ Gitpod

• Gitpod
  • If using this, NEVER share a private key with real money on Gitpod
  • Ideally you figure out the MacOS, Linux, or Windows install though

• CMD + K or CTRL + K clears the terminal
• code . to open VSCode in a new VSCode window

⌨️ Foundry Install

• https://getfoundry.sh

⌨️ VSCode Setup II

• CoPilot
• Copilot labs
• Hardhat Solidity Extension
• VSCodium
• mkdir foundry-cu
• cd foundry-cu
• mkdir foundry-simple-storage-cu

⌨️ Foundry Setup ⌨️ Foundry Setup II (WSL)

• FreeCodeCamp Bash

⌨️ Formatting Solidity in VSCode

• Format your solidity code within your settings.json

    "[solidity]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "NomicFoundation.hardhat-solidity"
    },
    "[javascript]":{
      "editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
    }

⌨️ Compiling in Foundry

• foundry-zksync

⌨️ Deploying to a local chain I (Anvil or Ganache)

• Ganache

⌨️ Adding another network to Metamask

• ETH JSON RPC

⌨️ Deploying to a local chain II (Forge Create)

• 2 Ways to deploy:
  • 1. forge create
  • 2. forge script

⌨️ Private Key Rant I

• history -c

⌨️ Deploying to a local chain III (Forge Script)

⌨️ What is a transaction (But actually)

cast --to-base 0x01 dec

⌨️ Private Key Rant II

• cast send
• source .env

Can you Encrypt a Private Key -> a keystore in foundry yet??

• A: No Yes, try the new feature by

cast wallet import your-account-name --interactive
Enter private key:
Enter password:
`your-account-name` keystore was saved successfully. Address: address-corresponding-to-private-key

forge script <script> --rpc-url <rpc_url> --account <account_name> --sender <address> --broadcast

• The .env pledge

⌨️ Never use a Env File

Private Key Rant Summary

Summary:
When you look to deploy
with real money, you should use either:
1. A password encrypted keystore
2. Something like thirdweb deploy

The idea is you never want to have
your private key or password
ANYWHERE written in plain text
(Aka, you always want it encrypted)

• Someone fix this please

⌨️ Deploying to a testnet Sepolia

• Alchemy
• Other node as a service:
  • Quicknode
  • Infura

⌨️ Verifying a contract the manual way

• Example verified contract

⌨️ Cleaning up the project

• forge fmt
• README.md

• ⌨️ Foundry ZKsync
• ⌨️ Compiling Foundry ZKsync
• ⌨️ ZKsync Local Node
• ⌨️ ZKsync Local Deploy
• ⌨️ Tx Types
• ⌨️ Why L2

⌨️ Alchemy and the mempool

• Special Guest Vitto
• Alchemy

⌨️ Summary

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

⭐️ Foundry Fund Me

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-fund-me-cu

⌨️ Introduction

⌨️ Setup

⌨️ Testing Introduction

⌨️ Setup Continued

• Chainlink Brownie Contracts Github Repo

  forge install smartcontractkit/chainlink-brownie-contracts@0.6.1 --no-commit

• Dependencies
• remappings
• Chainlink Brownie Contracts

⌨️ Tests

• foundry tests
• console.log

⌨️ Debugging Tests I

⌨️ Advanced Deploy Scripts I

⌨️ Forked Tests

• The test option -m regex is deprecated. Please use --match-test or --mt instead.

forge test -m testPriceFeedVersionIsAccurate -vvv

is deprecated. Please use

forge test --match-test testPriceFeedVersionIsAccurate -vvv

• 4 types of testing:

1. Unit: Testing a single function
2. Integration: Testing multiple functions
3. Forked: Testing on a forked network
4. Staging: Testing on a live network (testnet or mainnet)

• forking in foundry
• forge coverage

⌨️ Refactoring I: Testing Deploy Scripts

⌨️ Refactoring II: Helper Config

• block.chainid
• Chain ID List
  • 11155111 is ETH Sepolia
  • 1 is ETH Mainnet

⌨️ Refactoring III: Mocking

• Mocking
• Chainlink Github
• Multiple Versions of Solidity

⌨️ Magic Numbers

• Style Guide
• Magic Numbers

⌨️ Refactoring III: Mocking (continued)

⌨️ More Cheatcodes

• foundry cheatcodes
• forge std cheats
  • vm.expectRevert
  • vm.prank
  • makeAddr
  • deal

⌨️ More Coverage

• State tree testing
• Arrange, Act, Assert
• hoax
• uint160 -> address
• vm.startPrank

⌨️ Chisel

• Chisel

⌨️ Gas: Cheaper Withdraw

• Gas Reporter
• forge snapshot
• vm.txGasPrice
• gasLeft()
• tx.getprice

⌨️ Storage

• ** Advanced **
• Storage Layout
• Purpose of the memory keyword

cast storage

• Opcodes
• Opcodes by Gas
• Opcodes by Gas
• Append s_ to storage variables
• Append i_ to immutable variables
• Caps lock and underscore constant variables
• Chainlink Solidity Style Guide

⌨️ Gas: Cheaper Withdraw (continued)

• evm.codes
• Style Guide
  • Chainlink Style Guide
• NatSpec

⌨️ Interactions.s.sol

• foundry devops
• Best README Template
• ffi

⌨️ Makefile

• Install make
• Install make Ubuntu.
• Etherscan API Key

⌨️ ZKsync Devops

⌨️ Pushing to GitHub

• Add these to your .gitignore
  • .env
  • lib/
  • broadcast/
• Git Docs
• GitHub docs
• Github Quickstart
• What is Git?
• The quickstart that we follow in the video
• Learn about git and GitHub

⌨️ (2:34:56) | Tweet Me (add your repo in)!

⌨️ Section 2: Recap

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

⭐️ Section 3: HTML Fund Me

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/html-fund-me-cu

• More in-depth Javascript & Full Stack introduction video

⌨️ Setup

• Live Server Extension

⌨️ How Metamask works with your browser

• Metamask Docs
• Ethers Docs

⌨️ Introduction to function selectors

• Function selector
• cast sig

⌨️ Recap

• More in-depth Javascript & Full Stack introduction video

• IPFS hash for website - ipfs://QmdCBj5B188qzXgG1LUCD6aKe6RJHqbSgu7YfPyncDirzh

(back to top) ⬆️

⭐️ Section 4: Smart Contract Lottery

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-smart-contract-lottery-cu

⌨️ Introduction

⌨️ Raffle.sol Setup

• Raffle.sol Setup

⌨️ Solidity Contract Layout

// Layout of Contract:
// version
// imports
// errors
// interfaces, libraries, contracts
// Type declarations
// State variables
// Events
// Modifiers
// Functions

// Layout of Functions:
// constructor
// receive function (if exists)
// fallback function (if exists)
// external
// public
// internal
// private
// internal & private view & pure functions
// external & public view & pure functions

⌨️ Custom Errors

• Custom Errors in Solidity

⌨️ Events

• Introduction to Events

• Events & Logging Video
• Events & Logging in Hardhat

⌨️ block.timestamp

⌨️ Chainlink VRF

• Introduction to Chainlink VRF

• Special Guest Richard

• Chainlink VRFv2 Docs
• Chainlink VRFv2 Walkthrough
• Chainlink Contracts

⌨️ Implementing Chainlink VRF - Introduction

• Implementing Chainlink VRF

• Get Sepolia Testnet LINK tokens
• Chainlink docs - create a random number
• Chainlink Brownie Contracts

forge install smartcontractkit/chainlink-brownie-contracts@0.6.1 --no-commit

⌨️ Modulo

• Modulo

⌨️ Enum

⌨️ Resetting an array

⌨️ Note on building

⌨️ CEI (Checks, Effects, Interactions)

⌨️ Introduction to Chainlink Automation

• Chainlink Automation Docs
• Chainlink Automation Walkthrough

⌨️ Implementing Chainlink Keepers - checkUpkeep

• Enum

• block.timestamp

⌨️ Custom Error

⌨️ Mid-Section Recap

⌨️ Tests & Deploy Script Setup

⌨️ Script Setup

⌨️ Mock Chainlink VRF Coordinator

⌨️ Tests & Deploy Script Continued

⌨️ Lots of Tests

⌨️ Headers

⌨️ Adding more tests

⌨️ Testing Events in Foundry

⌨️ vm.roll & vm.warp

⌨️ Create Subscription Script

• eth signature database

⌨️ Create Subscription from the UI

⌨️ Fund Subscription Script

• Link Token
  • Link Token Addresses
• Solmate
• Openzeppelin

⌨️ Add Consumer Script

⌨️ More Tests

• forge coverage --report debug

⌨️ Coverage Report

⌨️ PerformUpkeep Tests

• Expecting Custom Errors

⌨️ Getting Event Data into Foundry Scripts

• vm.recordLogs

⌨️ Intro to Fuzz tests

⌨️ One Big Test

⌨️ Passing the private key to vm.startBroadcast

⌨️ Integrations Test

⌨️ Testnet Demo - Optional

⌨️ Console.log Debugging

⌨️ forge test --debug

⌨️ Recap

• Chainlink VRF: 2 LINK
• Chainlink Keepers: 8 LINK

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

⭐️ Section 1: ERC20s

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-erc20-cu

• What is an EIP?
• EIPs codebase

⌨️ What is an ERC20?

• Video (using brownie/python)
• EIP-20
• ERC-677
• EIP-777

⌨️ Manually Creating an ERC20 Token

• .github

⌨️ ERC20 Token - Openzeppelin

• Openzeppelin
  • Openzeppelin Wizard
• Openzeppelin Contracts
• Solmate (Openzeppelin alternative)

⌨️ Deploy Script

⌨️ AI Tests

• Token Approvals

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

⭐️ Section 2: NFTs

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-nft-cu

⌨️ What is an NFT?

• Video
• Optional: All on Chain SVG NFT
• EIP-721

⌨️ Foundry Setup

• TokenURI
• Pudgy Penguin Example

⌨️ IPFS

• What is IPFS

⌨️ Using IPFS

⌨️ Basic NFT: Deploy Script

⌨️ Basic NFT: Tests

• Comparing strings in solidity
• chisel

⌨️ Basic NFT: Interactions

⌨️ Basic NFT: Testnet Demo

⌨️ The issue with IPFS & HTTPS TokenURI NFTs

• pinata
• SVG NFT Video

⌨️ What is an SVG?

• svg
• vscode extension
• base64 encoding

⌨️ SVG NFT: Introduction

⌨️ SVG NFT: Encoding the NFT

• base64 openzeppelin

⌨️ SVG NFT: Flipping the mood

⌨️ SVG NFT: Deploy Script

• readFile Cheat

⌨️ SVG NFT: Debugging practice & some notes

⌨️ SVG NFT: Anvil Demo

• arweave
• filecoin
• nft.storage
• Patrick video on Filecoin

⌨️ NFTS: Filecoin & Arweave

⌨️ Advanced: EVM Opcodes, Encoding, and Calling

• abi.encode
• abi.encodePacked Thanks to Alex Roan for his help on this session!
• Example Contract Creation Transaction What REALLY is the ABI?
• EVM Opcodes
• More EVM Opcodes
• Solidity Cheatsheet
• abi.encode vs abi.encodePacked

⌨️ Introduction to Encoding Function Calls Directly

⌨️ Introduction to Encoding Function Calls Recap

⌨️ Encoding Function Calls Directly

• Function Selector
• Function Signature

⌨️ Verifying Metamask Transactions

1. Check the address
2. Check the function selector
3. Decode the calldata

• joinfire.zxyz

⌨️ (10:36:31) | Section 2 Recap

• ENS

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-defi-stablecoin-cu

⭐️ Section 3: DeFi Stablecoins

• What is DeFi?
• DefiLlama
• Bankless
• MEV
• Aave
• My Previous Aave Video on Shorting Assets
• DAI
• Uniswap
• Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)

⌨️ Code Walkthrough

• What is a smart contract audit

⌨️ What is a stablecoin (But actually)

• Video
• MakerDAO Forums

⌨️ DecentralizedStableCoin.sol

• What is a smart contract audit
• super

⌨️ DSCEngine.sol Setup

• liquidations
• nonreentrant
  • reentrancy

⌨️ Deposit Collateral

• Other DeFi Examples:
  • Aave V2 Docs
  • Aave NPM

⌨️ Getting the value of our collateral

• Aave Borrowing FAQs
• Health Factor
• Aave Risk Parameters

⌨️ Health Factor

• Liquidation Threshold

⌨️ Minting the DSC

⌨️ Deploy Script

• WETH Token Sepolia Etherscan
• WETH Token Mainnet

⌨️ Tests

⌨️ depositCollateralAndMintDsc

⌨️ redeemCollateral

⌨️ Setup

⌨️ Refactoring

⌨️ Leveling up your testing skillz

⌨️ Fuzz (Invariant) Testing

• Video

⌨️ Open-based Fuzz tests

⌨️ revert_on_fail = true

⌨️ Create the collateral redeemal handler

⌨️ DeFi Handler Deposit Collateral

⌨️ Minting DSC

⌨️ Debugging Fuzz Tests

• Ghost Variables

⌨️ Price Feed Handling

⌨️ OracleLib

⌨️ Note on audit preparedness

• Simple security checklist

⌨️ Recap

⌨️ Lens Protocol

• Special Guest Nader
• Lens Protocol

• Defi-Minimal
• Defi Dad

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-merkle-airdrop-cu

⌨️ Introduction

⌨️ Project Setup

⌨️ Merkle Proofs

⌨️ Base Airdrop Contract

• Second preimage attack articles [1, 2]

⌨️ Already Claimed Check

⌨️ Merkle Tree Scripts

⌨️ Writing the Tests

⌨️ Deployment Script

⌨️ Adding Signature Verification

⌨️ Signature Standards

• EIP-191
• EIP-712
• Signature standards article

⌨️ ECDSA Signatures

• ECDSA signatures article
• Signature Malleability - Section 4 of the Replay Attacks Article

⌨️ Transaction Types Introduction

⌨️ Transaction Types

• Ethereum transaction types
• ZKsync transaction types

⌨️ Blob Transactions

• Blob transactions article

• Type 113 Transactions
• Implementing Signatures
• Modifying the Tests
• Test on ZKsync (optional)
• Create Claiming Script
• Creating a Signature
• Splitting a Signature
• Executing the Anvil Script
• Deploy and Claim on ZKsync Local Node
• Deploy and Claim on ZKsync Sepolia
• Summary

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-upgrades-cu

⭐️ Section 5: Upgradable Contracts & Proxies

• Optional Video

1. Parameter
2. Social Migrate
3. Proxy
   1. Proxy Gotchas
      1. Function Collisions
      2. Storage Collisions
   2. Metamorphic Upgrades
   3. Transparent
   4. UUPS
   5. Diamond

⌨️ Delegatecall

• delegatecall (solidity-by-example)
• Yul

⌨️ Small Proxy Example

• EIP 1967

⌨️ UUPS Setup

• UUPS vs Transparent
• Abstract Contracts

⌨️ Deploy

• ERC-1967

⌨️ Upgradebox

⌨️ (5:53:48) | Test/Demo

⌨️ Testnet Demo

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/minimal-account-abstraction

⌨️ Account Abstraction Introduction

• What is native account abstraction?
• How does ZKsync do account abstraction?
• What is EIP-4337?
• What are ZKsync system contracts?

⌨️ Code Overview

⌨️ Etheren Account Abstraction

⌨️ PackedUserOperation

⌨️ Validate UserOp

⌨️ EntryPoint Contract

⌨️ Execute

⌨️ Deploy Script

⌨️ Tests Owner can Execute

⌨️ Get Unsigened PackedUserOperation

⌨️ Signed PackedUserOperation

⌨️ Local Dev Unlocked

⌨️ Test Validate UserOps

⌨️ Test Entry Point

⌨️ Advanced Debugging

⌨️ Mid Session Recap

⌨️ Live Demo

⌨️ ZKsync Setup

⌨️ IAccount

⌨️ System Contracts

⌨️ TxType 113 Lifecycle

⌨️ ZKsync Accounts Recap

⌨️ ZKsync Transaction Simulations

⌨️ ValidateTransaction

⌨️ executeTransaction

⌨️ payForTransaction

⌨️ executeTransactionFromOutside

⌨️ ZKsync Tests

⌨️ Transaction Struct

⌨️ --via-ir

⌨️ Validate Transaction Test

⌨️ Clean up

⌨️ Testnet Demo

⌨️ Recap End

Plutocracy is bad! Don't default to ERC20 token voting!!

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-dao-cu

⭐️ Section 14 | DAOs & Governance

• Plutocracy is bad
• DAOs are not corporations

• What is a DAO?
• Special Guest Juliette

⌨️ DAOs tooling - Special Guest from Aragon

⌨️ Build your own DAO Setup

• How to build a DAO
• That's Patrick
• PY Code
• Python Video

⌨️ Governance Tokens

• Openzeppelin Governance
• Compound Governance
• Contract Wizard

⌨️ Creating the Governor Contract

• CastVoteBySig

⌨️ Testing the Governor Contract

⌨️ Section Recap

• Special Guest Harrison

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

Developers 100% should know all about this! Don't leave the course without at least watching this section!

🖥️ Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/denver-security

⭐️ Section 6 | Security & Auditing

• Readiness Checklist

⌨️ What is a smart contract audit?

• What is a smart contract audit Cyfrin Channel Video

⌨️ What tools do security professionals use?

⌨️ Intro to Manual review

• Slither
• 4nlyzer

• Manticore
• Mythril
• hevm
• Comparison

• Echidna
• Foundry
• Consensys

• Comparisons

• solcurity

⌨️ Manual Review with Tincho

• Tincho finds $100,000 ENS bug

⌨️ Formal Verification

• Formal Verification & Symbolic Execution | W/ Trail Of Bits

⌨️ Wrap. Up

• Common Attacks
• Best Practices
• Attacks
  • Oracle Attacks
• Damn Vulnerable Defi
• Ethernaut
• Top Smart Contract Auditors
• Some Smart Contract Auditors:
  • Cyfrin
  • OpenZeppelin
  • SigmaPrime
  • Trail of Bits
  • Spearbit
  • Dedaub
  • Trust
  • More

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

(back to top) ⬆️

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊 Completed all The Course! 🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

• Top 10 learning resources
• Patrick Collins
• CryptoZombies
• Alchemy University
• Speed Run Ethereum
• Ethereum.org

• Twitter
• Ethereum Discord
• Reddit ethdev

• CL Hackathon
• ETH Global
• ETH India

Be sure to check out project grant programs!

And make today an amazing day!

(back to top) ⬆️

Transparency is important! So we want to disclose any potential conflicts that might have affected my judgement so you can pick tools that are right for you. Patrick is co-founder of Alpha Chain, a blockchain infrastructure company. Alpha Chain runs Chainlink, Ethereum, Binance, Polygon, Harmony, Solana, Moonbeam, and Moonriver blockchain services. Alpha Chain often works with Alchemy and receives discounted services. Patrick is the co-founder of Cyfrin, and they do smart contract security & auditing services. Patrick is also the co-founder of Chain Accel, who is an advisor on the Peeranha project.

Because of all this, I have added alternatives to each section where we suggest a tool.

(back to top) ⬆️

A huge thank you to our sponsors. These are the groups and technologies

• Matter Labs (ZKsync)
• Arbitrum Foundation
• Chainlink Labs
• BadgerDAO
• Optimism RPGF Round 3

(back to top) ⬆️

Thanks to everyone who is taking, participating in, and working on this course. It's been a passion project and a data dump of everything I've learnt in the web3 space to get you up to speed quickly. Also, a big thank you to Cyfrin & Chain Accel for encouraging this course to come to light, and many, many, many people from the community.

And thanks to the Cyfrin team for making this possible!

Cyfrin Updraft content is open-sourced licensed as GPLv3.

(back to top) ⬆️