Improve text rendering and do all color operation in gamma space

[emilk]

Closes #1410
Closes #1455
Closes #1411

Summary

This PR removes the linear framebuffer blending, and the linear blending in the pixel shader. Basically all color operations are now done in gamma space on the GPU. Only the sRGB-aware texture sampling is kept (when available).

Background

An early design decision in egui was to do all color operations in linear space. This is what makes sense physically, and is the standard for e.g. PBR. Gamma space is based on human perception and is non-physical. However, it turned out that getting proper anti-aliasing of fonts was very difficult to accomplish in linear space. This is not so strange when you think about it: you want to anti-alias using a perceptually linear gradient, not a physically linear.

Consequences

• Better text in general, especially in low-contrast situations (gray on gray, white on white, …)
• Better colored text (no more gray fringes)
• Better anti-aliasing via feathering. A dark-on-bright line should now look the same width as a bright-on-dark line
• Different window shadows
• Image tinting will work differently

For integrations

• Turn off linear (sRGB aware) framebuffer blending
• Do all color operations in gamma-space in the shaders.

Here is the vertex shader you need:

void main() {
    gl_Position = vec4(
                      2.0 * a_pos.x / u_screen_size.x - 1.0,
                      1.0 - 2.0 * a_pos.y / u_screen_size.y,
                      0.0,
                      1.0);
    v_rgba_in_gamma = a_srgba / 255.0;
    v_tc = a_tc;
}

And here is the fragment shader:

// 0-1 sRGB gamma  from  0-1 linear
vec3 srgb_gamma_from_linear(vec3 rgb) {
    bvec3 cutoff = lessThan(rgb, vec3(0.0031308));
    vec3 lower = rgb * vec3(12.92);
    vec3 higher = vec3(1.055) * pow(rgb, vec3(1.0 / 2.4)) - vec3(0.055);
    return mix(higher, lower, vec3(cutoff));
}

// 0-1 sRGBA gamma  from  0-1 linear
vec4 srgba_gamma_from_linear(vec4 rgba) {
    return vec4(srgb_gamma_from_linear(rgba.rgb), rgba.a);
}

void main() {
#if SRGB_TEXTURES
    vec4 texture_in_gamma = srgba_gamma_from_linear(texture2D(u_sampler, v_tc));
#else
    vec4 texture_in_gamma = texture2D(u_sampler, v_tc);
#endif

    gl_FragColor = v_rgba_in_gamma * texture_in_gamma;
}

SRGB_TEXTURES indicates if you have an sRGB-aware texture sampler. It is recommended that you do.

Before

Notice the ugly artifacts when painting white text on white background. Also notice how the black text on white background is not really black, but gray.

After

Notice how the dark text on white background is now much darker and legible.
You can also notice that the text and the lines now look to have the same weight black-on-white as when white-on-black.