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Unable to connect to establish a TCP connection (ECONNREFUSED) #40702
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We have been having the same issue with node 17 and it appears to be a breaking change with how DNS.lookup works. With node 16, the lookup would return a IPv4 address but with node 17, it returns an IPv6 address which will break most REST clients that hardcode URLS like
Notice the results are |
For reference the change was #39987 -- Node.js no longer re-sorts results of IP address lookups and returns them as-is (i.e. it no longer ignores how your OS has been configured). You can change the behaviour via the |
Thanks, @richardlau. How is one supposed to fix this if they are not the author of the server/client. Libraries like |
Update to my comment above. When dealing with 3rd party libraries, we can use dns.setDefaultResultOrder('ipv4first') and have to be careful to use this in child_processes as well |
v17.0.1 and v17.1.0 have same issue with remote debugging Error in debuggerConnector: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:49629 |
@richardlau The better option would of course be to change @nsainaney If you cannot fix server/client, the solution would be to stay on the support NodeJS version, i.e. <17, until the authors of server/client add compatibility for Node v17. |
Thanks @treysis. There are enough workarounds that this isn't an issue for us. |
@nsainaney Yes, I'm just mentioning it because I consider it to be the cleanest way. If you set the |
That's a good point. Thank you |
Node.js 17, which as of writing is the most recent version, contains a breaking change in its DNS resolver, causing Firefox not to start anymore in our test framework. The inline comment together with the following resources provide more background: - nodejs/node#40702 - nodejs/node#39987 - cyrus-and/chrome-remote-interface#467 - https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/doc/changelogs/CHANGELOG_V17.md#other-notable-changes - DeviceFarmer/adbkit#209 - https://nodejs.org/api/dns.html#dnssetdefaultresultorderorder This commit ensures that versions both older and newer than Node.js 17 work as expected. This is mainly necessary since the bots as of writing run Node.js 14.17.0 which is from before this API got introduced and for example Node.js 12 LTS is only end-of-life in April 2022, so we have to keep support for those older versions unfortunately.
Node.js 17, which as of writing is the most recent version, contains a breaking change in its DNS resolver, causing Firefox not to start anymore in our test framework. The inline comment together with the following resources provide more background: - nodejs/node#40702 - nodejs/node#39987 - cyrus-and/chrome-remote-interface#467 - https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/doc/changelogs/CHANGELOG_V17.md#other-notable-changes - DeviceFarmer/adbkit#209 - https://nodejs.org/api/dns.html#dnssetdefaultresultorderorder This commit ensures that versions both older and newer than Node.js 17 work as expected. This is mainly necessary since the bots as of writing run Node.js 14.17.0 which is from before this API got introduced and for example Node.js 12 LTS is only end-of-life in April 2022, so we have to keep support for those older versions unfortunately.
I run this: require("http").get("http://localhost:3004/", res => console.log(res.statusCode))
Where can I find the OS configuration that Node.js now honors…
Sorry if it feels like a stupid question or like a question that belongs somewhere else, but I think more people than me don’t know this DNS stuff very well and will wonder why things “aren’t working”. |
You have to change this to: const dns = require('dns');
dns.setDefaultResultOrder('ipv4first');
require("http").get("http://localhost:3004/", res => console.log(res.statusCode)) Which should work in both Node v16 and v17, as well as on macOS and Linux. |
@lexicalunit Yes, I read that in the various threads, but that’s not what I’m asking for. |
It's difficult to find because bc iirc it depends on sooo many parameters: IPv6 connectivity available? Glibc? Another libc implementation? Systemd? Instead of changing the dns sorting order globally for a package, it's advised to use |
I don’t quite buy that explanation. If visiting http://localhost:3004 in a browser works and Note that I’m looking for the default configuration on macOS for example. I bet many developers don’t change anything (knowingly). I’ve tried to find more info myself, but I don’t know what to search for. |
Browsers and curl support happy eyeballs, so they try both IPv4 and IPv6. Node has no support (yet?) for happy eyeballs. DNS lookup in general is documented well. However, localhost is a special case as it's not resolved by the DNS server but before DNS is even asked. It seems to also depend on macOS version. Even for Linux it's not well because again it depends on the library that is being used. So you'd have to look up what the library is doing, and it's also different from distro to distro. E.g.: Glibc for example also apparently violates some RFC and in some special case maps ::1 to 127.0.0.1, see: For the time being: don't use |
Thank you! I think I understand this better now. I’ll summarize what I (think I have) learned in case it helps others. When I do
So if you try to look up Node.js 16 and older arbitrarily implemented code that favored ipv4 ( Node.js 17 seems to follow the principle of least astonishment, and take the first result from what was returned by the OS when doing the lookup (seems to be getaddrinfo(3) via https://nodejs.org/api/dns.html#dnslookup). I don’t know exactly how that order is defined. To test, I temporarily commented out
|
Yes. What is still surprising to me: why does Node sometimes seem to resolve localhost differently depending on if opening a listening socket and on opening a connect socket. At least on a local system it should be the same, no? I couldn't figure it out when introducing the PR last year that stopped reordering the results.
|
Node 17+ changed the DNS resolution (see nodejs/node#40702), so now it resolves `localhost` according to the OS settings instead of IPv4-address first. The Karma server only listens on IPv4 address (127.0.0.1) by default, but the requests are sent to `localhost` in several places and `localhost` is resolved into IPv6 address (`::`) in Node 17+. So the run/stop/proxy request is unable to reach the Karma server and produces an error. This commit configures karma to use the IPv4-address first approach in newer Node version as well. In the future major release, we may consider changing defaults to listen on IPv6 address instead, but IPv6 is not supported in Docker on macOS and Windows, so I think we should not rush such a change to make sure karma works there out of the box. Fixes karma-runner#3730
Node 17+ changed the DNS resolution (see nodejs/node#40702), so now it resolves `localhost` according to the OS settings instead of IPv4-address first. The Karma server only listens on IPv4 address (127.0.0.1) by default, but the requests are sent to `localhost` in several places and `localhost` is resolved into IPv6 address (`::`) in Node 17+. So the run/stop/proxy request is unable to reach the Karma server and produces an error. This commit configures karma to use the IPv4-address first approach in newer Node version as well. In the future major release, we may consider changing defaults to listen on IPv6 address instead, but IPv6 is not supported in Docker on macOS and Windows, so I think we should not rush such a change to make sure karma works there out of the box. Fixes karma-runner#3730
@javierfuentesm Upgrade to node 20 where this has been resolved. |
that worked! thank you! |
Which version? I'm running on |
Which error exactly and what do you do? |
NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL=http://127.0.0.1:3000 it still not working formw |
Could anyone find this problem in Node v18.19.0 with Ubuntu 20.04.6? |
Which Node version? Did you try localhost instead of 127.0.0.1? |
Use Node 20! |
Is the code in the OP supposed to work on node 20? const connect = (host, port) => {
socket = new require('net').Socket();
socket
.connect(port, host)
.on('connect', () => console.log('konected!'))
.on('error', (e) => console.log(e));
};
connect('localhost', 5098); I get the same error in node v20.11.1 and v21.6.2:
This also seems related to the error I'm getting from this demo app: |
@mattdesl In your error message, you can see how there are two errors: Node tried both connecting via IPv4 I get that error too, because I have nothing running on port 5098. But when I start a server listening on 5098, OP’s code runs without errors: require('http').createServer().listen(5098);
// If you do this instead, the below code fails on Node.js 16 but works on later Node.js versions (unsure exactly which releases):
// require('http').createServer().listen(5098, '::1');
const connect = (host, port) => {
socket = new require('net').Socket();
socket
.connect(port, host)
.on('connect', () => console.log('konected!'))
.on('error', (e) => console.log(e));
};
connect('localhost', 5098); |
Here's my workaround (open-source and documented) that I hope that can help you too:
After days of research and trial/error, this is how I got this working:
Related commit introducing this fix: undergroundwires/privacy.sexy@52fadcd |
This commit upgrades Node.js version to v20.x in CI/CD environment. Previously used Node 18.x is moving towards end-of-life, with a planned date of 2025-04-30. In contrast, Node 20.x has been offering long-term support (LTS) since 2023-10-24. This makes Node 20.x a stable and recommended version for production environments. This commit also configures `actions/setup-node` with the `check-latest` flag to always use the latest Node 20.x version, keeping CI/CD setup up-to-date with minimal maintenance. Details: - actions/setup-node#165 - actions/setup-node#160 Using Node 20.x in CI/CD environments provides better compatibility with Electron v29.0 which moves to Node 20.x. Details: - electron/electron#40343 This upgrade improves network connection handling in CI/CD pipelines (where issues occur due to GitHub runners not supporting IPv6). Details: - actions/runner#3138 - actions/runner-images#668 - actions/runner#3213 - actions/runner-images#9540 Node 20.x adopts the Happy Eyeballs algorithm for improved IPv6 connectivity. - nodejs/node#40702 - nodejs/node#41625 - nodejs/node#44731 This mitigates issues like `UND_ERR_CONNECT_TIMEOUT` and localhost DNS resolution in CI/CD environments: Details: - nodejs/node#40537 - actions/runner#3213 - actions/runner-images#9540 Node 20 introduces `setDefaultAutoSelectFamily`, a global function from Node 19.4.0, enabling better IPv4 support, especially in environments with limited or problematic IPv6 support. Details: - nodejs/node#45777 Node 20.x defaults to the new `autoSelectFamily`, improving network connection reliability in GitHub runners lacking full IPv6 support. Details: - nodejs/node#46790
This commit upgrades Node.js version to v20.x in CI/CD environment. Previously used Node 18.x is moving towards end-of-life, with a planned date of 2025-04-30. In contrast, Node 20.x has been offering long-term support (LTS) since 2023-10-24. This makes Node 20.x a stable and recommended version for production environments. This commit also configures `actions/setup-node` with the `check-latest` flag to always use the latest Node 20.x version, keeping CI/CD setup up-to-date with minimal maintenance. Details: - actions/setup-node#165 - actions/setup-node#160 Using Node 20.x in CI/CD environments provides better compatibility with Electron v29.0 which moves to Node 20.x. Details: - electron/electron#40343 This upgrade improves network connection handling in CI/CD pipelines (where issues occur due to GitHub runners not supporting IPv6). Details: - actions/runner#3138 - actions/runner-images#668 - actions/runner#3213 - actions/runner-images#9540 Node 20.x adopts the Happy Eyeballs algorithm for improved IPv6 connectivity. - nodejs/node#40702 - nodejs/node#41625 - nodejs/node#44731 This mitigates issues like `UND_ERR_CONNECT_TIMEOUT` and localhost DNS resolution in CI/CD environments: Details: - nodejs/node#40537 - actions/runner#3213 - actions/runner-images#9540 Node 20 introduces `setDefaultAutoSelectFamily`, a global function from Node 19.4.0, enabling better IPv4 support, especially in environments with limited or problematic IPv6 support. Details: - nodejs/node#45777 Node 20.x defaults to the new `autoSelectFamily`, improving network connection reliability in GitHub runners lacking full IPv6 support. Details: - nodejs/node#46790
Here's the error we were encountering when running mocha-chrome on Node >=17: ``` Promise Rejection: Error: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:39193 at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (node:net:1606:16) { errno: -111, code: 'ECONNREFUSED', syscall: 'connect', address: '::1', port: 39193 } ``` Here's the patch that fixes this for us: // node_modules/mocha-chrome/lib/client.js - const client = await CDP({ port: instance.port }); + const client = await CDP({ port: instance.port, host: '127.0.0.1' }); An alternative patch that would also succeed: // node_modules/chrome-remote-interface/lib/defaults.js - module.exports.HOST = 'localhost'; + module.exports.HOST = '127.0.0.1'; Another option: // node_modules/chrome-remote-interface/lib/external-request.js - const {address} = await util.promisify(dns.lookup)(options.host); + const {address} = await util.promisify(dns.lookup)( + options.host, + {family:'IPv4'}, + ); Thank you @nsainaney for writing this comment in nodejs/node#40702 [^1]: > It appears to be a breaking change with how DNS.lookup works. With > node 16, the lookup would return a IPv4 address but with node 17, it > returns an IPv6 address which will break most REST clients that > hardcode URLS like http://localhost:4040/api if the upstream server > only binds to the IPv4 address (e.g. server.listen('127.0.0.1'…) etc… [^1]: nodejs/node#40702 (comment) Before committing to the 'patch' strategy, I checked to see if either mocha-chrome or chrome-remote-interface had been updated later with this workaround. - chrome-remote-interface accepts a parameter for host, so nope. Makes sense, since you can specify the host manually. - mocha-chrome doesn't parameterize host, and the author of mocha-chrome considers it an obsolete package and is no longer updating it.
Version
v17.0.1
Platform
Darwin Kernel Version 21.1.0: Wed Oct 13 17:33:23 PDT 2021; root:xnu-8019.41.5~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64
Subsystem
No response
What steps will reproduce the bug?
I'm trying to connect to a micro-service with this piece of code:
this prints out:
How often does it reproduce? Is there a required condition?
Since installed node 17
What is the expected behavior?
No errors.
What do you see instead?
Additional information
As far a i tested (v14.18.1 and v16.12.0), this only happens in this version of node.
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