Release tooling: Release stable releases from latest-release v3

[JReinhold]

What I did

Continues work on #24106, fixing a few minor bugs with naming and merge conflict handling with latest-release.

#24106 got reverted, so this includes all its changes as well. Only the last 10 commits need to be reviewed: https://github.com/storybookjs/storybook/pull/24382/files/75e585de951932b1178af510f57c05be9612127a..64bf4b2f871f78a5257021610fb50fe9aeef5410

Checklist for Contributors

Testing

• Here's a test run of the "non-patch preparation" workflow for prereleases: https://github.com/storybookjs/storybook/actions/runs/6418903679/job/17427674063?pr=24382 TEST Release: Prerelease 7.5.0-alpha.5 #24383
• Here's one for stable releases (crucially testing the handling of merge conflicts with latest-release): https://github.com/storybookjs/storybook/actions/runs/6419200580/job/17428545288?pr=24382 TEST3 Release: Prerelease 7.5.0-alpha.5 #24385

I don't think I can easily do a test run for the publish workflow.

The changes in this PR are covered in the following automated tests:

• stories
• unit tests
• integration tests
• end-to-end tests

Manual testing

This section is mandatory for all contributions. If you believe no manual test is necessary, please state so explicitly. Thanks!

Documentation

• Add or update documentation reflecting your changes
• If you are deprecating/removing a feature, make sure to update
  MIGRATION.MD

Checklist for Maintainers

• When this PR is ready for testing, make sure to add ci:normal, ci:merged or ci:daily GH label to it to run a specific set of sandboxes. The particular set of sandboxes can be found in code/lib/cli/src/sandbox-templates.ts

• Make sure this PR contains one of the labels below:

  Available labels

  • bug: Internal changes that fixes incorrect behavior.
  • maintenance: User-facing maintenance tasks.
  • dependencies: Upgrading (sometimes downgrading) dependencies.
  • build: Internal-facing build tooling & test updates. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • cleanup: Minor cleanup style change. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • documentation: Documentation only changes. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • feature request: Introducing a new feature.
  • BREAKING CHANGE: Changes that break compatibility in some way with current major version.
  • other: Changes that don't fit in the above categories.

🦋 Canary release

This PR does not have a canary release associated. You can request a canary release of this pull request by mentioning the @storybookjs/core team here.

core team members can create a canary release here or locally with gh workflow run --repo storybookjs/storybook canary-release-pr.yml --field pr=<PR_NUMBER>

[socket-security]

New dependencies detected. Learn more about Socket for GitHub ↗︎

Packages	Version	New capabilities	Transitives	Size	Publisher
@octokit/request	8.1.2	None	+4	4.81 MB	octokitbot